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OPTICAL INSIGHTS BLOG
In his latest Blog Post, Rohit Kunjappa, Head of Product Management & Application Engineering for POLATIS® at HUBER+SUHNER, explores the evolving role of interconnects across telecommunications, data centers, AI/ML workloads, and lawful intercept applications. He compares technology choices and highlights how Optical Circuit Switching (OCS) is increasingly becoming the most effective solution for modern infrastructure.Why Interconnects Matter: The Backbone of Modern Digital Infrastructure
Interconnects are the silent enablers of digital transformation. Whether it is routing traffic across
telecom core networks, enabling real-time AI inference, supporting lawful intercept operations, or
ensuring seamless disaster recovery between data centers, the efficiency of interconnects determines
how well systems perform.
As workloads become more distributed and data-intensive, the need for high-performance, low-latency, and energy-efficient interconnects has grown exponentially. This applies not only to computing clusters but also to telecom networks, surveillance systems and cloud-native architectures.
As workloads become more distributed and data-intensive, the need for high-performance, low-latency, and energy-efficient interconnects has grown exponentially. This applies not only to computing clusters but also to telecom networks, surveillance systems and cloud-native architectures.
How Systems Are Interconnected
Traditionally, telecom and data systems relied on electronic packet switches - Ethernet, IP/MPLS, or
InfiniBand - involving multiple Optical-Electrical-Optical (OEO) conversions. These conversions introduce
latency and power overhead, which become significant at scale.- In telecom networks, it means slower routing, higher energy costs, and limited scalability.
- In AI/ML clusters, it means bottlenecks in GPU-to-GPU communication.
- In lawful intercept, it means delays in traffic capture and analysis.
OCS: A Paradigm Shift in Interconnect Technology
An Optical Circuit Switch (OCS) changes this paradigm. Instead of repeatedly converting optical signals to
electrical form, OCS keeps the signal entirely in the optical domain - from source to destination. Think of it as a reconfigurable fiber patch panel but controlled by software in milliseconds. When two servers or racks need to communicate, the OCS creates a dedicated optical path between them - no packets to
process, no queues, no buffers, no conversions.
Optical Circuit Switches use a variety of technologies including piezoelectric actuators, MEMS mirrors, liquid crystal or silicon photonics to steer light paths in a non-blocking, scalable manner.
Benefits of OCS Over Traditional Technologies
| Feature | Traditional OEO Switch | Optical Circuit Switch |
|---|---|---|
| Signal Conversion | OEO at each hop | None - remains optical |
| Latency | Microseconds per hop | Nanoseconds end-to-end |
| Energy Consumption | High (due to electronics) | Ultra-low (passive optical path) |
| Bandwidth Scalability | Limited by ASIC I/O | Line-rate optical bandwidth |
| Determinism | Packetized and variable | Dedicated, predictable circuits |
| Maintenance | Complex and power-hungry | Simple, transparent, scalable |
Use Cases Where OCS Shines
OCS enables a true optical interconnect fabric - dynamic, high-capacity, and energy-efficient - ideal for:
- Telecom Core Networks: Facilitates dynamic routing and bypassing congested nodes.
- AI/ML Workloads: Facilitates high-bandwidth, low-latency interconnects between GPUs or accelerators in photonic fabrics.
- Lawful Intercept: Enables secure, low-latency optical paths for monitoring traffic without packet inspection overhead.
- Disaster Recovery: Allows rapid reconfiguration of optical paths between geographically distributed data centers.
- Edge Computing and 5G: Supports flexible, scalable interconnects between edge nodes and central clouds.
Looking Ahead
As telecom, cloud and compute domains converge, the interconnect fabric becomes a strategic asset.
Optical Circuit Switching is not just a faster way to connect systems - it is a foundation for disaggregated,
composable and energy-aware data centers.
Tomorrow's infrastructure will be built around the principle of "switch when you can, route when you must" - using OCS to create optical pathways that make data movement instantaneous, efficient and adaptive to workload needs.